Atlantis
1421
1434
Blog Archives
Chapter 10 – Pyramid builders of South America
We travel south to Peru and Chile, stopping at five famous archaeological sites along the way. We visit the pyramids of Tucume near Chiclayo, the pyramids of the Sun and Moon near Trujillo, the huge ruined city of Chanchan, the … Read more
Chapter 12 – The 1418 Chinese Map of the World
In this chapter we revisit the Liu Gang 1418 Chinese world map, describe how it came to light, and discuss its huge significance. Further reading:~ Pizzigano / Di Virga map ‘ Waldseemueller / Harris maps / 1418 map: https://www.gavinmenzies.net/china/maps/ Liu … Read more
Conclusion – Who Discovered America?
In this chapter we advance our theory that the Beringia hypothesis is outdated and long in need of a major reappraisal. Archaeological sites in North America and in Chile and Brazil, with reliable carbon dating, show that man had been … Read more
Chapter 17 – Stone Age Sailors – The “Windover Bog” people of Florida
The Windover bog cemetery was discovered in 1982 when a backhoe operator discovered human bones whilst digging in black peat from the bottom of a pond. DNA testing of the first sample piece showed an age of 7,330 years, plus … Read more
Chapter 16 – The Pacific Coast of North America
This chaptercontains a broad overview of some of the evidence specific to the Pacific coast of North America which has been gathered since ‘1421’ was published in 2002. The evidence is wide-ranging and covers many disciplines. These include genetic evidence; … Read more
Chapter 15 – Nova Cataia: The Island of Seven Cities
A huge ruined settlement in Nova Scotia has been the subject of great controversy. The site is situated on Cape Breton Island, on the far eastern coast of North America, to the north of the Nova Scotia peninsula. We describe … Read more
Chapter 14 – The Eastern Seaboard
We follow the authors on a trip to the Outer Banks – “the graveyard of the Atlantic” – to follow up new local evidence. We also explore the research of Dr. S.L. Lee of Columbus, Ohio who, although primarily sceptical … Read more
Chapter 13 – North Carolina and the Virginias
This chapter introduces research into specific places which are shown on the 1418 map, and in this instance it is the river system which empties into the Atlantic on the northern tip of a protruding promontory – in the same … Read more
Chapter 11 – Kubilai Khan’s Lost Fleets
This chapter describes the extent of the voyages of Kublai Khan’s mighty fleets. Professor Arnaiz-Villena of Madrid University, explains how he has “… unexpectedly found Oriental genes (but Chinese) in the present day Azorean populations, and postulated that the arrival … Read more
Chapter 9 – Pyramids in Mexico and Central America
Mexico has over ten thousand pyramids in total. Mexico also has the world’s largest pyramid – Cholula’s base is twice that of the pyramids of Giza. The oldest Mexican pyramids were built in the marshes around la Venta at about … Read more
Chapter 8 – The Olmec: The Foundation Culture of Central America
We learn more about the Olmec civilisation, and discover how the Maya, Zapotecs, Mazatecs and Toltecs copied and adapted Olmec culture, as well as their way of life, art and architecture, across the length and breadth of Central America. Olmec … Read more
Chapter 7 – In Search of Lost Civilisations
An adventure to Mexico and Guatemala to research the culture and heritage of their peoples. On our journey we learn of extensive similarities between the Maya and Chinese, not least DNA, customs and cultures. We travel to La Venta, where … Read more
Chapter 5 – Mastery of the Oceans Before Columbus
The evidence for this chapter comes from a number of distinguished archaeologists and historians. The aim of the chapter is to give an account of the technologies available to, and utilised by the sea-faring civilisations of pre-Columbian times. We focus … Read more
Chapter 4 – European Seafaring, 100, 000 BC
An international group of geneticists has discovered from comparing D.N.A. that a section of Crete’s Neolithic population (i.e. pre-Bronze Age) reached Crete from Anatolia – modern day Turkey. Professor Triantafyllidis states that their analysis indicated that the arrival of these … Read more
Chapter 3 – Plants Between Continents
A chance meeting with Carl L Johannessen, Emeritus Professor of Geography at the University of Oregon, whilst lecturing in Xian. We have often relied on his life-time’s research and also that of John Sorenson – they are the world’s leading … Read more
Chapter 2 – Along the Silk Road
We describe the historic Silk Road and the author’s eventful travels along it, exploring the Eastern and Central Silk Road, from Beijing through central Asia to end in Samarkand. There is a rich array of stunning landscapes to drink in, … Read more
Chapter 1 – A land bridge too far
Gavin Menzies plots a new adventure – driving to his daughter Samantha’s wedding, from London to Garson, Ontario in 1999. The proposed route is from Islington, London, to Dover and thence through the Channel Tunnel across Europe and Siberia, across … Read more
Prologue – Life at Sea
The scene is set in HMS Narwhal, cruising at 300 feet under a 12 foot thick Arctic ice cap. Gavin and his crew have been on patrol for a month, tracking Russian nuclear submarines and reporting on the feasibility of … Read more
Chapter 6 – The Genetic Evidence
We explore the genetic footprint left behind by Chinese sailors on their travels. The fleets were a kaleidoscope of minority peoples, representative of China’s great diversity in cultures and creeds. Along with humans, the ships carried plants and animals, as … Read more
PS section – Further reading
Please click here to view our suggested reading for the PS section of ‘The Lost Empire of Atlantis’.
Chapter 31 – The Bronze Boy
Only last year, in 2010, came a rather stunning discovery. Scientists from the British Geological Survey had conducted tests on the body of a 15-year old boy – a body found in 2006 at Amesbury, quite near to the henge. … Read more
Chapter 30 – The Land that Time Forgot
A visit to Callanish, on the lonely Isle of Lewis causes a lightbulb moment for Gavin. At first sight, it seems highly unlikely that Minoan ships from sunny Crete would have ever ventured to the stormy, wet wilds of the Hebrides. … Read more
Chapter 41- The Legacy of Hope
Despite the Minoans having suffered terribly, their work, their invention and even their sense of fairness had lived on… This chapter explores the comparisons between Plato’s Atlantis and the real world today. Our search has not been for a ‘lost island’, … Read more
Chapter 40 – A Return to Crete
Gavin’s interview with Greek national television leads to an encounter with Dr. Minas Tsikritsis, a Greek mathematician who has carried out some ground-breaking research into Linear A, one of the world’s greatest linguistic conundrums. Dr. Tsikritsis had also been studying … Read more
Chapter 39 – A New Beginning
“For the Minoans, the end of empire was a slow and painful death, not a sudden execution. I could hardly bear to think of it. All that brilliance, all that invention – and all their cultural and technological chutzpah lost…” … Read more
Chapter 38 – The Spots Marked ‘X’
Chapter 38 describes the DNA evidence which ties the story together. The widespread Bering Straits theory that the first Amerindians originally came from East Asia is brought into question. Could the Americas have been populated solely by migrations across the … Read more
Chapter 37 – So: the Proof
This chapter details the proof of these amazing voyages, not least a detailed comparison of ancient mining tools and the copper implements from all around the world. It seems that every item found in the Lake Superior area has its … Read more
Chapter 36 – Into the Deep Unknown
This chapter gives a summary of the the Minoan voyages crossed the Atlantic with the Equatorial Current. After visiting Yucatan, the current would carry them north to the Mississippi Delta, where they discovered that today’s ‘land of opportunity’ was even … Read more
Chapter 35 – A Heavy Load Indeed
This chapter explores the one problem that remained to be resolved. How would the Minoans have transported the copper? There are only two possible routes: the first is east, through the Great Lakes to the St Lawrence and then head … Read more
Chapter 34 – Adventures by water
“… Tracking the Minoans across the lakes was one of the most thrilling moments of my discovery. A treasure trail of clues had already been leading me towards this island, whose geographical position is key to its importance. A large … Read more
Chapter 33 – A Metallurgical Mystery
In the 2nd millennium B.C. millions of pounds of copper were mined out of mineral rich Lake Superior, in North America. On Isle Royale, a particularly copper-rich island in the northwest of Lake Superior; and on the Keweenaw Peninsula, a … Read more
Chapter 32 – The Seekers Set Sail
If it is true that indigenous American peoples did not cast copper or make bronze, then the masses of specialist mining tools found at Lake Superior must have been made by foreigners. The foreigners can only have come by sea. … Read more
Chapter 29 – From the Med to the Megalith
Had there been significant contact between the Minoans and Stonehenge, one would expect that the travellers would have left evidence from the eastern Mediterranean: goods, perhaps, or traces of trade or even physical habitation. Seen in that light the close … Read more
Chapter 28 – Stonehenge – the Master Work
We examine the great enigma that is Stonehenge – the master work. Stonehenge is magnificent, sacred and sublime, the bare bones of Britain’s prehistory. People have been worshipping here, it’s thought, since 7200 BC. Stonehenge itself was built in three … Read more
Chapter 27 – Mediterranean and Atlantic Megaliths
As the Minoans expanded their trading empire across the Mediterranean from Crete, first to the copper and tin mines of Iberia and then on to northwest France, Britain and Ireland, Gavin comes to the conclusion that they built – or … Read more
Chapter 26 – Seeing the Skies in Stone…
We take a look at the stone circles in Egypt and the Mediterranean. Is there a link between them all? The oldest stone circle in the world lies on the Upper Nile. The stone circle at Nabta was begun in … Read more
Chapter 25 – Strange Beasts and Astrolabes
In Chapter 25 we learn of the mysterious Nebra disc, found in northern Germany in 1999, some 300 miles south of where Hans-Peter Duerr found evidence of Minoan voyages to Rungholt. The Nebra disc is a unique bronze disc, 30 … Read more
Chapter 24 – A Labyrinth in Dragon Country
Our quest moves to the Great Orme Copper mines in Northwest Wales. Mining engineers have calculated that 1,700 tonnes of copper must have been extracted from these ancient mines. That is enough to make more than ten million axes – … Read more
Chapter 23 – The Land of Running Silver
The early Greek historian Diodorus Siculus called Britain ‘the bright country’… This was an island where the sun set in a blaze of tin, copper and gold. It has for ages long been generally accepted that in the Bronze Age … Read more
Chapter 22 – Blazing the Trail to Dover
We continue up the coast of Western Europe, from Spain, Portugal and France across the Channel to Dover. We learn of the perfectly preserved remains of a prehistoric ship, the Dover bronze ship, unearthed in southern England in 1992. The … Read more
Chapter 21 – Spain and La Tauromaquia
A visit to the Prado in Madrid reveals striking similarities between Spanish bull fighting and the Minoan culture of bull worship and acrobatic bull leaping. The spreading cult of the bull was also backed up by a growing number of … Read more
Chapter 20 – A Folk Memory of Home?
Once the Minoans had succeeded in sailing the Mediterranean, it was surely only a matter of time before they discovered Iberia, one of the most heavily mineralised places on earth. We explore the Iberian coastline, discovering the abundant mineral wealth … Read more
Chapter 19 – Nec Plus Ultra: Entering the Atlantic
Helen of Troy’s face is said to have launched 1,000 ships. Plato, meanwhile, claimed that the kings of his fabled Atlantis had 1,200 ships… We now start on a search to uncover the truth behind the Great Lakes copper mystery. … Read more
Chapter 09 – Sailing from Byzantium
We now explore the Bronze Age capacity for ocean-going travel. Gavin researches The Jason Voyage by Tim Severin, as a means of seeing whether such an ambitious voyage might have been possible so many thousands of years ago. When Homer … Read more
Chapter 08 – The lost wreck and the buried treasure trove
Gavin learns of a wreck dating from c.1305 BC. that was found on the sea bed of the nearby Turkish coast, and travels to view it in the Museum of Underwater Archaeology, Bodrum. The Uluburun wreck is the kind of … Read more
Chapter 18 –The truth is in the trade
Sailing in the Indian Ocean is determined by the monsoon winds, which are caused by the difference in temperature between the massive Himalayan Plateau and the sea. Monsoons are so predictable – and so important – that they were later … Read more
Chapter 17 – Indian Ocean trade in the Bronze Age
Sailing in the Indian Ocean is determined by the monsoon wind, which is caused by the difference in temperature between the massive Himalayan Plateau and the sea. Monsoons are so predictable – and so important – that they were later … Read more
Chapter 16 – The key to India
So many of the items found at Mari and now housed in Aleppo’s museum seemed to have had their origins in India. How did all the cowries and beads in the museums get to Mari – when the Maldives are … Read more
Chapter 15 – Proud Ninevah
Nineveh, at the centre of what was Babylonia, was once the epicentre of world knowledge. It was here that the Minoans could have pursued their understanding of the heavens to sacred levels. The ancient mounds and ruins lie at the … Read more
Chapter 14 – Rich, exotic lands
Next we travel to Mari, a hugely important former trading city on the western bank of the Euphrates, in the search of Minoan influence in the area. We learn of Zimri-Lim and his remarkable journey, showing how vital a role … Read more
Chapter 13 – New Worlds for Old
With ever increasing confidence in the abilities of ancient civlisations to cross the oceans, Gavin puts his mind to one last can of worms which had to be split open. In 1992, a well-respected pathologist, Dr. Svetlana Balabanova, took samples … Read more
Chapter 12 – A Ship in the Desert
A piece in USA Today was to shed more light on the adventure. It concerned a new discovery of caves in the Egyptian deser,t holding the most ancient ship stores ever discovered – perfectly preserved ship timbers, ropes and dozens … Read more
Chapter 11 – A Place of Many Names and Many Nations
We follow Gavin on an expedition to Tell el Dab’a and then on to the Nile Delta, following the old Red Sea–Nile canal north of Cairo to Zagazig, exploring in the Minoans’ wake. Tell el Dab’a is a Middle Kingdom … Read more
Chapter 10 – Life in the library
Further investigation into the Uluburun wreck and the treasures in her hold reveals the wide reach in trading opportunities which the Minoans exploited. AMBER Infrared spectroscopy proves that most of the amber found in ancient sites in the Mediterranean came … Read more
Chapter 7 – Who were the Minoans?
Our story takes us to the lush plains of Anatolia where an abundance of resources enables a hardy people to adapt and prosper. DNA analysis indicates that the arrival of these new people on Crete had coincided with a social … Read more
Chapter 6 – The missing link: Copper!
The Bronze Age is named after a copper alloy. Many thousands of years ago, metal was as important for the development of wealth and power as energy supply and information are today. The discovery of bronze – an alloy of copper … Read more
Chapter 5 – The ancient scholars speak
Crete was no ordinary island. Myth already had it that the king of the gods came from Crete: the poet Homer even calls King Minos the ‘companion of mighty Zeus.’ Further investigation reveals the existence of a powerful island empire, … Read more
Chapter 4 – Return to Phaestos
We learn how Crete was the bread-basket of civilisation in the Aegean – an international marketplace, exporting foodstuffs like olives and olive oil, figs and saffron, while importing other goods in return. We revisit Phaestos and the surrounding ruins of … Read more
Chapter 3 – The search for the Minoan naval base
Gavin and Marcella search for the actual whereabouts of the harbour illustrated in the fresco. This reveals comparisons to Plato’s fabled story of Atlantis, an ancient sea-going civilisation which was destroyed by almighty Zeus on accounts of its hubris. Could … Read more
Chapter 2 – Under the volcano
We travel to Santorini – known in ancient times as Thera – a volcanic island some sixty-nine miles north of Crete. Here lies an extraordinary city, hidden beneath the trappings of the modern day world. Our story revolves around the … Read more
Chapter 1 – An adventure on Crete
Our adventure beings with a trip to Crete. Gavin and his wife Marcella visit the ancient palace of Phaestos. The ruined palace complex was believed to have been one of the cities founded by the great king Minos, a mythological … Read more
Chapter 20 – Printing
Chapter summary: There are many definitions of printing. The one I have adopted is “a process in which ink is set on paper by physical or chemical means.” There is no dispute that block and moveable type printing were invented … Read more
Chapter 19 – Firearms and steel
Chapter summary: There is substantial evidence that an illustration of a blast furnace in the Nung Shu was copied by Taccola and Alberti and built in Northern Italy. For the first time, Europeans had the capacity to produce sufficient quantities … Read more
Chapter 18 – Grand Canals: China and Lombardy
Chapter summary: Like the Great Wall, the Grand Canal is the result of the obsession of many Emperors over thousands of years. The canal was started nearly two thousand five hundred years ago and greatly extended during the Sui Dynasty … Read more
Chapter 17 – Silk and Rice
Chapter summary: By the time the Nung Shu was published in 1313, the Chinese had been spinning yarns for 1000 years, using all sorts of materials but silk was the finest and most valuable. China had been exporting silk to … Read more
Chapter 16 – Da Vinci, di Giorgio, Taccola and Alberti
Chapter summary: In 1424, Mariano Taccola became secretary of the Casa di Misericordia, an appointment he held for ten years. As such, he would have become acquainted with influential visitors to Siena – such as Pope Eugenius IV, Giovanni Battisa … Read more
Chapter 15 – Leonardo da Vinci and Chinese inventions
Chapter summary: In my youth, Leonardo da Vinci seemed the greatest genius of all time: an extraordinary inventor of every sort of machine, a magnificent sculptor, one of the world’s greatest painters and the finest illustrator and draughtsman who ever … Read more
Chapter 14 – Alberti and da Vinci
Chapter summary: Leone Battista Alberti was a man of an astounding range of abilities – heralded as the “universal man” of the Early Renaissance and described as “The Prophet of the New Grand Style in Art” inaugurated by Leonard da … Read more
Chapter 13 – The Florentine mathematicians: Toscanelli, Nicholas of Cusa and Regiomontanus
Chapter summary: Before Toscanelli met the Chinese Ambassador, Europe’s knowledge of the universe was wrongly based on Ptolomey. To believe that the earth was merely one planet among many revolving round the sun required a radical change in thought. This … Read more
Chapter 12 – Toscanelli’s new astronomy
Chapter summary: After the Chinese Ambassador had presented his power of attorney to Eugenius IV, he would have formally presented the Xuan De Astronomical Calendar, which would have established the precise date of the inauguration of the Emperor. Thousands of … Read more
Chapter 11 – The World maps of Schoener, Waldseemueller and Zheng He
Chapter summary: There is a host of evidence suggesting Waldseemueller got his information from the same source as Schoener for the creation of their world maps. Both show Quinsay (described by Toscanelli) and both show the island of Cipangu (Japan). … Read more
Chapter 10 – Columbus’ and Magellan’s World maps
Chapter summary: Magellan’s expedition was well provisioned and fitted out (equipped with Portuguese maps) when he sailed from San Lucar de Barrameda on the estuary of the Guadalquivir on 20 September 1519. By the time he and his crew reached … Read more
Chapter 9 – Toscanelli meets the Chinese ambassador
Chapter summary: Paulo Toscanelli was famous for two 1474 letters to Christopher Columbus and Canon Martins Fernan Martinez de Roriz, King Alfonso of Portugal’s confessor at the Court in Lisbon, in which he advised them about reaching the Indies, suggesting … Read more
Chapter 8 – Paolo Toscanelli’s Florence
Chapter summary: Between the acquisition of the port of Pisa in 1406 and that of Livorno in 1421, Florence had enjoyed a continuous economic boom. Florence’s access to Venice enabled her to reap some of the benefits of Venice’s trade … Read more
Chapter 23 – The conquistadores’ inheritance
Chapter summary: Extremadura is a land is of unspeakable beauty and savage cruelty with no maritime tradition yet this ravaged land was the birthplace of Francesco Pizarro and the conquistadores who conquered the mighty Inca, Maya and Aztec empires. Extremadurans … Read more
Chapter 22 – Tragedy on the high seas: Zheng He’s fleets destroyed by a tsunami
Chapter summary: NEW ZEALAND In 2003, Cedric Bell, a marine engineer, visited New Zealand’s South Island. Magnetic anomaly surveys he made during his stay threw up an astonishing possibility: a considerable number of junks had been wrecked on the southeast … Read more
Chapter 21 – China’s contribution to the Renaissance
Chapter summary: After 1434, European world maps changed. There was a shift away from the circular maps centred on Jerusalem, emphasising religious subjects, to depictions of the world as it really is. Toscanelli sent Columbus a map of the Americas; … Read more
Chapter 6 – Cairo and the Red Sea Nile Canal
Chapter summary: Between the pyramids and the Mukattan Hills rests the large, wide valley over which modern Cairo sprawls. This valley was once more than eight hundred feet below the sea and some thirty to forty miles across. The enormous … Read more
Chapter 5 – Voyage to the Indian Ocean
Chapter summary: On 19 January 1431, Zheng He’s fleets left China. They invariably sailed in January because of the free power provided by the monsoons, which to this day determine sailing patterns from China across the Indian Ocean to India … Read more
Chapter 4 – Zheng He’s navigators’ calculation of latitude and longitude
Chapter summary Latitude and longitude Calendars enabled longitude to be calculated by using the slip between solar and sidereal time, by eclipses of the moon, or by the angular distance between the moon and selected stars or planets. Thus Zheng … Read more
42 DNA Evidence of Miskito and Sumo (also spelt Suma) Indians of Nicaragua
DNA Evidence of Miskito and Sumo (also spelt Suma) Indians of Nicaragua 1. Principal DNA Report relied upon (a) Title: DNA Print Genomics DNA Test of Miskito and Sumo Indians of Nicaragua (b) Author: Tony Frudakis PhD, Head of Research, … Read more
41 DNA Evidence of Peoples of the Azores
DNA Evidence of Peoples of the Azores 1. Principal DNA Report relied upon (a) Title: HLA in the Azores Archipelago: possible presence of Mongoloid genes (b) Authors: Professor Dr. Arnaiz-Villena and colleagues. Please refer to Bibliography on page 73. 2. … Read more
40 DNA Evidence of Yuchis – “The White Indians of Georgia”
DNA Evidence of Yuchis – “The White Indians of Georgia” Yuchis – Dr. Donald Panther-Yates, Assistant Professor of Communications, Georgia Southern University The Yuchis landed in the Bahamasand immigrated to Georgia. Their name is of a central Asian people; their … Read more
39 DNA Evidence of Hawaiian People and the People of Guam
DNA Evidence of Hawaiian People and the People of Guam Principal DNA Report Relied upon (a) Title “JC Virus Genotypes in the Western Pacific suggest Asian Mainland Relationships and Virus Association with Early Population Movements.” (b) Richard Yanagihara and colleagues … Read more
38 DNA Evidence of Namaqua Hottentot People
DNA Evidence of Namaqua Hottentot People 1. Principal DNA Report relied upon (a) Title: DNA Print Genomics DNA Test of Namaqua People of Namibia lts(b)Author: Tony Frudakis PhD, CSO DNA Print Genomics. Please refer to Work in Progress, Appendix … Read more
37 DNA Evidence of Pate Islanders of East Africa
DNA Evidence of Pate Islanders of East Africa 1. Principal DNA Report relied upon (a) Title: DNA Print Genomics DNA Test of Island People of Pate (b) Author: Tony Frudakis PhD, CSO DNA Print Genomics. Please refer to work in … Read more
36 DNA Evidence of Aboriginal people of Fraser Island
DNA Evidence of Aboriginal people of Fraser Island 1. Principal DNA Report relied upon (a) Title: DNA Print Genomics DNA Test of Aboriginal People of (b) Author: Tony Frudakis PhD, Head of Research, CSO DNA Print Genomics. Please refer to … Read more
35 DNA Evidence of Aboriginal people of Darwin, Australia
DNA Evidence of Aboriginal people of Darwin, Australia 1. Principal DNA Report relied upon (a) Title: DNA Print Genomics DNA Test of Aboriginal People of Darwin (b) Author: Tony Frudakis PhD, Head of Research, CSO DNA Print Genomics. Please refer … Read more
34 DNA Evidence of Nyungah Aboriginal people of Broome and Perth
DNA Evidence of Nyungah Aboriginal people of Broome and Perth 1. Principal DNA Report relied upon (a) Title: DNA Print Genomics DNA Test of Nyungah Aboriginal people (b) Author: Tony Frudakis PhD, Head of Research, CSO DNA Print Genomics. Please … Read more
33 DNA Evidence of Gunditjmara Aborigines of Victoria, S. Australia
DNA Evidence of Gunditjmara Aborigines of Victoria, S. Australia 1. Principal DNA Report relied upon (a) Title: ‘Evolution of Modern Humans’ in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 337 (1992) 159-165 – weak evidence (b) Author: JoannaMountain 2. … Read more
32 DNA Evidence of Waitaha people of New Zealand South Island – Tananaui
DNA Evidence of Waitaha people of New Zealand South Island – Tananaui 1. Principal DNA Report relied upon (a) Title: DNA Print Genomics DNA Test of Waitaha People of New Zealand, South Island (b) Author: Tony Frudakis PhD, Head of Research, … Read more
31 DNA Evidence of Maori Peoples of New Zealand
DNA Evidence of Maori Peoples of New Zealand 1. Principal DNA Report relied upon (a) Title: Using Genes to Reconstruct Human History in Polynesia (please refer to Bibliography) (b) Author: Dr Geoffrey Chambers and colleagues. 2. Précis of the Report’s findings (As reported by … Read more
30 DNA Evidence Inca People of Ecuador
DNA Evidence Inca People of Ecuador 1. Principal DNA Report relied upon (a) Title: Polymorphic Alu Insertions and the Asian Origin of Native American populations. (b) Authors: Gabriel E Novick and Colleagues – refer to Bibliography. 2. Précis of … Read more
28 Selected Bibliography
Selected Bibliography (a) By far the most comprehensive bibliography is found in Sorenson, John L. and Raish, Martin H., Pre Columbian Contact with the Americas Across the Oceans: An Annotated Bibliography – Bodleian Library, Oxford. Several thousand books are listed … Read more
27 1424 Chart – Groupings of words
1424 Chart – Groupings of words i.e. interrelated in some way General 1. Antilia Antylia (1424), Anthilia (1470), Antillia (1480) i.e., i and y interchangeable, h is optional. 2. Satanazes (1424) – Saluaga (Benincasa). Saluagio (Canepas) 3. Ymana (Island) (1424) becomes Rosellia (1463), … Read more
26 Pre-Columbian charts showing Antilia, Satanazes, Saya and Ymana 3
Pre-Columbian charts showing Antilia, Satanazes, Saya and Ymana 3 Chart Word Explanation Translation Dictionary Relevance 1424 naou or nao the u should be o, viz Nao (Canepa) nothing – ? defines word which follows i.e., Nar y sua – “nothing … Read more
25 Pre-Columbian charts showing Antilia, Satanazes, Saya and Ymana 2
Pre-Columbian charts showing Antilia, Satanazes, Saya and Ymana 2 Chart Word Explanation Translation Dictionary Relevance 1424 Ary? airi – Indigenous Brasilian tribes local people i is interchangeable with y (e.g., Antilia/Antylia). The indigenous people did originally come from Brasil. 1463, … Read more
24 Pre-Columbian charts showing Antilia, Satanazes, Saya and Ymana 1
Pre-Columbian charts showing Antilia, Satanazes, Saya and Ymana 1 Chart Word Explanation Translation Dictionary Relevance All An “Particular Negativa” = opposite of This is the key to unlocking the names on the various charts 1463 1470 … Read more
23 1424 Chart – Dictionaries used for translation purposes
1424 Chart – Dictionaries used for translation purposes Portuguese 1. Dicionario Mediaeval Portugese 2. Dicionario da Lingua Portuguesa (Academy of Sciences, Lisbon) 3. Imprensa Nacional, Dicionario da Lingua Portuguesa (6 vols) 4. Michaelis, Diccionario Illustrado Portugues – Ingles 5. Livros Horizante. Diccionario Etimologico de Lingua … Read more
22 The Destruction of Zhou Man and Hong Bao’s fleets in the Southern Ocean by a Tsunami triggered by a comet
The Destruction of Zhou Man and Hong Bao’s fleets in the Southern Ocean by a Tsunami triggered by a comet In the book ‘1421’, I contended that the Emperor Zhu Di had sent fleets to the Southern Ocean to determine … Read more
