17 DNA Evidence of Gallinomero-speaking people of Healdsburg, California

DNA Evidence of Gallinomero-speaking people of Healdsburg, California

1. Principal DNA Report relied upon
(a) Title:
DNA Print Genomics DNA Test of Concow People
(b) Author: Tony Frudakis PhD, Head of Research, CSO DNA Print Genomics.
Note: Archivist of Mission Dolores or anthropologist Betty Goerke may know of existing DNA tests (A Oertel)

2. Précis of the Report’s findings – work in progress: please refer to Appendix 19

3. Corroborative or supporting DNA Reports
Professor Novick and Colleagues report into the Zuni and Navajo people:
‘Polymorphic Alu Insertions and the Asian origin of Native American Populations’ in
Human Biology, Vol 70, No. 1

4. Corroboration or supporting reports into ailments or diseases which suggest Chinese arrived by sea
(i) Elders of native American Indian peoples of the Upper Klamath River can still identify Chinese words and intonations in Chinese music (Michael Pincus)

5. Did the first Europeans to reach the area in which the Concow people live find Chinese already there?
Yes. Stephen Powers’ report ‘The Northern Californian Indians’ published in Atlantic Monthly, Vol 33, 1874 in which he considers Gallinomero-speaking peoples are descendants of Chinese sailors.

6. Other evidence showing links with China
(a) Principal
Wrecked junk disgorging Ming ceramics in Bodega Bay.

(b) Secondary links with China
The wealth of evidence from this part of California as summarised in Synopsis of Evidence, Revision 16 dated 15 June 2003, particularly Annexes XVII and XXIV.

7. Evidence in Synopsis of Evidence on website www.gavinmenzies.net.

8. Reference in 1421 The Year China Discovered America

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